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Results of Laboratory Testing of Advanced Power Strips
Lieko Earle and Bethany Sparn, National Renewable Energy Laboratory
ABSTRACT
The ever-increasing inventory of miscellaneous electric loads (MELs) in U.S. homes
results in wasteful electricity consumption in the form of 'vampire' loads. The emerging
technology class of products called the advanced power strip (APS) seeks to mitigate this
problem via auto-switching capabilities, where supply power is automatically shut off when the
end-use appliance is detected to be in an unused state. These products are relatively new and
untested; as such, there is a dearth of quantitative data on how effective they are at energy
abatement and whether they impact the functionalities of the end-use appliances they serve. For
utility efficiency programs to incorporate plug load reduction via APS, concrete numbers are
required to document cost-effectiveness of the strategy, but this cannot be quantified without first
demonstrating that these devices perform their basic functions reliably. To address this need, we
have conducted a focused study to evaluate the technical performance of APS devices when
subjected to a range of home entertainment center and home office usage scenarios. Guided by
the test specification and minimum functional standards developed by the Northeast Energy
Efficiency Partnerships' (NEEP's) APS Working Group, we have tested 20 currently available
APS products in the laboratory to determine whether each works as designed and what, if any,
actions or habit changes are required for the user. We report on the results of this laboratory
investigation.
Introduction
As increasingly stringent residential building energy codes improve thermal envelopes,
and mechanical system efficiencies increase due to advances in technology and standards,
occupants continue to introduce more and more appliances and electronics into the home,
creating a moving target for plug-load energy reduction. From televisions to toasters, cell phone
chargers to pool pumps, plug loads are as diverse as they are ubiquitous, and as a class continue
to expand their fractional share in the electrical energy budget of the modern American home.
With so many appliances throughout the house, it is easy for busy people to leave things like
TVs and computers switched on inadvertently when they are not in use, resulting in substantial
'active' power waste. Moreover, this increase in miscellaneous electric loads (MELs) also
consumes energy in the form of 'vampire' or 'phantom' loads: many devices continue to draw
current as long as they remain plugged into receptacles, even after the appliances are switched
off (Hendron & Eastment 2006). In a typical home with 40 plug loads, vampire loads can
account for nearly 10% of household electricity use (standby.lbl.gov). Plug-load energy waste is
pernicious; each individual device may require only a low level of power to be in standby mode
(and even less in off mode), so there is little incentive for the homeowner to walk around and
switch off power strips, much less unplug each device that is not in use. Effective reduction of
both vampire and active loads will require a more convenient solution.
Recent years have seen growing interest in quantifying plug-load energy consumption via
sub-metering, and early studies have focused largely on creating an inventory of household
MELs and their associated power draw characteristics for on, off, and standby states to identify
1-51©2012 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings
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Inhaltsverzeichnis

Seite 1 - Introduction

Results of Laboratory Testing of Advanced Power Strips Lieko Earle and Bethany Sparn, National Renewable Energy Laboratory ABSTRACT The ever-increasin

Seite 2 - Advanced Power Strips

Device 9 is an IR-sensing APS that is intended for AV use. Power to the peripherals is shut off automatically if the APS does not detect a remote cont

Seite 3

computer is detected via USB alone. However, using a USB port for power sensing does not reliably detect standby mode for all types of computers. Con

Seite 4 - Laboratory Testing

Plans for further testing in our laboratory are underway, including expanding the variety of master devices (different computers, different television

Seite 5

Porter, Suzanne F.; Moorefield, Laura; May-Ostendorp, Peter. 2006. Final Field Research Report. California Energy Commission Roth, Kurt; Mckenney, Ku

Seite 6

savings opportunities (Meier et al. 2008; Porter et al. 2006; Roth et al. 2007). Field test results indicate that typically occupants do not take the

Seite 7

Table 1. Categories of APS Technology Category Control Strategy Current-Sensing Current-sensing power strips monitor the current draw of the controlle

Seite 8 - Results and Discussion

guided by the February 2012 draft of the test specification authored by the APS Working Group. That document is still under development, and the final

Seite 9

Table 2. Summary of APS Products Tested ID Brand Model Category # Controlled/All Outlets Adjustable Threshold AV PC UL 1449 & 1363 1 APC Power-

Seite 10

load and for the power strip at a sample rate of 0.25 Hz, which was limited by the time required for each Modbus query. The approximate time delay of

Seite 11 - Conclusions and Future Work

For all of the configurations, the computer and the connected appliances were put through a sequence of power states. Each test set began with all the

Seite 12 - References

 Start with perfect score of 5.  Subtract 1 point for each additional step required in the initial set-up beyond simply plugging the appliances in

Seite 13

misleading to the user, who may intend to turn off the entire power strip, and instead end up just turning off the TV. In this case it would not be im

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